BODY POSITIONS
SITTING POSITION
Sitting upright provides full expansion of lungs and provides better visualization of symmetry of upper body parts.
1
SUPINE POSITION
The patient lies flat, facing up, maintaining legs straight. From this relaxed position, pulse sites are easily
accessible.
2
DORSAL RECUMBENT POSITION
The patient lies face up, distributing the weight to the back, knees flexed, and feet resting on the table. This
position is for abdominal assessment because it promotes relaxation of abdominal muscles.
3
LITHOTOMY POSITION
Patient lies on back with knees sharply flexed and the buttocks at the bottom edge of the table. Feet are in
stirrups, wide apart, and somewhat away from the table. This position provides maximal exposure of genitalia and
facilitates insertion of vaginal speculum.
4
SIMS’ POSITION
The patient is placed on their left side with left arm and shoulder drawn back behind the body so that the body's
weight is predominantly on the chest. The right arm and right leg are sharply flexed upward. Flexion of hip and
knee improves exposure of rectal area.
5
PRONE POSITION
Opposite of supine position, the patient lies face down. The Musculoskeletal system, primarily the extension of the
hip joint, skin, and buttocks, is assessed from this position.
6
LATERAL RECUMBENT POSITION
The patient lies on their side and knees are flexed with the upper knee flexed more than the lower one. The heart
is assessed in this position as it aids in detecting murmurs.
7
KNEE-CHEST POSITION
The patient rests on the knees and the chest with head turned to one side. Buttocks extended up into the air with
the back straight. The rectum is assessed from this position as it provides maximal exposure of the rectal area.
8
TIPS FOR PREPARING A CLIENT FOR A PHYSICAL EXAMINATION






During the examination ask the client to assume proper positions so that body parts are accessible and
the client stays comfortable.
Client’s abilities to assume positions will depend on their physical strength, mobility, ease of breathing,
age, and degree of wellness.
Explain the positions, and assist clients in assuming them.
Adjust the drapes so that the area examined is accessible, making sure not to unnecessarily expose a body
part.
A client may assume more than one position. To decrease the number of times the client changes
positions, organize the examination so that you perform all techniques requiring a sitting position first,
then perform those that require a supine position next, and so forth.
Be sure to use extra care when positioning older adults, because they are more prone to having
disabilities and limitation. Some clients with arthritis or other joint deformities are unable to assume the
following positions: Lithotomy, Sims, and Knee chest.
9