GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Chandkheda, Ahmedabad Affiliated Dr. S & S. S. Ghandhy College of Engineering & Technology A Project Report On IoT Based Home Automation Under subject of DESIGN ENGINEERING – 2B B. E. III, Semester – VI (Electronics & Communication Branch) Submitted by : Group : Sr. 1 2 3 4 Name of student Sheladiya Vishal Vijaybhai Thummar Parth Deepeshkumar Bhuva Nital Jayantibhai Padmani Jenish Prafulbhai Prof. Parul Pithadiya (Faculty Guide) Tushar P. Dave Head of the Department Academic year (20232024) Enrollment No. 210230111001 210230111023 210230111033 220233111033 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Page No. Index Introduction 1.1 Problem Summary 1.2 Existing Problem 1.3 Proposed Solution Review Of Project 2.1 Research Paper Review 2 3 Block Diagram & Working 3.1 Hardware Requirements 3.2 Block Diagram 3.3 Prototype 3.4 Working Advantages & Disadvantages 4.1 Advantages 4.2 Disadvantages 8 Conclusion References 6 22 26 27 3 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM SUMMARY An efficient, low power consumption and low-cost embedded access control system for Smart home security and remote monitoring based on motion detection is very important for wide range of commercial and security application. Many countries are gradually adopting smart home security control system. Today most of the home and office appliances that we interact with contain microprocessors. All of these appliances have some user interface, but many users become frustrated with the difficulty of using the complex functions of their appliances. We are developing a framework that allows users to interact with appliances through a separate user interface device that they are already carrying. Smart phones are good candidates for providing interfaces because they are common, have communication capabilities to allow connection to appliances, and are already being used for a wide range of different applications. Our framework includes an abstract specification language for describing appliances, a two-way communication protocol, and automatic interface generation software that allows user interfaces to be customized to users and the devices they are using. The most important part of any home security system is accurately detecting visitor who enter and leave through the door. An entrance guard can be managed remotely, detecting visitors at Door and alerting to user via mobile phone is the most natural way to perform security. The proposed system has added features like view video stream through mobile phone Additionally, voice alert or siren activated to alert neighbors when intruder detected. The system identifies the visitor’s presence, capture and transfers the image through email automatically to home owner to recognize the visitors. The system also generates voice output whenever a person tries to enter into the house. The user can directly login and interact with the embedded device in real time without the need to maintain an additional server. It has a variety of features such as energy efficient, intelligence, low cost, portability and high performance. 4 1.2 EXISTING PROBLEM Automation is increasing day by day like a competition between players on a field. To cope up with this race people have to advance their thinking. Rather than writing their thoughts on paper, people should have to implement it. The author presents a method to develop the smart low-cost home automation system which is designed using IoT. With the help of this system, all the home appliances and electronic machines can be controlled and observed through a website very easily. The home automation system which can be effectively used to control and monitor home appliances using the internet. Due to its various advantages, home automation is gaining more and more popularity day by day because of its ability to ensure security and make life much easier. In the system, Arduino will be interfaced with multiple sensors that can measure temperature & humidity, light, motion, and so on. The data collected by the various sensors are stored and pattern analysis is done on the stored data which tells the user at which time the appliances are usually on or off so that they can be automatically controlled without any human intervention by observing the regular usage pattern. The user can also turn on/off any appliance remotely using the internet. 5 1.3 PROPOSED SOLUTION Everyone is then introduced to ZIGBEE, People introduced a system in which a web or an android application is used by the users to give instructions to the systems/ appliances from remote locations. This system can make use of a number of communication methods like Wi-Fi, GSM, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. Different controlling devices and configurations are often found in existing systems. Such systems have been found already in many places for a wide variety of applications and also demonstrates the control of home appliances wirelessly using a computer and Zigbee wireless communication protocol. They proposed a system through which one can control the home appliance like a refrigerator, fan, and air conditioner, etc. by sending a command through the computer. Inputs are going to be given from the PC through serial communication. By this technique, can also control all electrical appliances within a room in a building. It also proposes an efficient implementation for IoT (Internet of Things) used for monitoring and controlling the home appliances via the World Wide Web. They can communicate with home automation networks through an Internet gateway, utilizing low power communication protocols like Zigbee, Wi-Fi, etc. This project aims at controlling home appliances via smartphones using Wi-Fi as a communication protocol and raspberry pi as a server system. The user will move directly with the system through a web-based interface using the web or internet, whereas home appliances like lights, fan, and door lock are remotely controlled through the easy website. By this, the paper provides a climbable and price-effective Home Automation System. 6 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF PROJECT 2.1 RESEARCH PAPER REVIEW “Smart Energy Efficient Home Automation System using IOT”, by Satyendra K. Vishwakarma, Prashant Upadhyaya, Babita Kumari, Arun Kumar Mishra. This paper presents a step-by-step procedure of a smart home automation controller. It uses IOT to convert home appliances to smart and intelligent devices, with the help of design control. An energy efficient system is designed that accesses the smart home remotely using IOT connectivity. The proposed system mainly requires, Node MCU as the microcontroller unit, IFTTT to interpret voice commands, Adafruit a library that supports MQTT acts as an MQTT broker and Arduino IDE to code the microcontroller. This multimodal system uses Google Assistant along with a web based application to control the smart home. The smart home is implemented with main controller unit that is connected with the 24-hour available Wi-Fi network. To ensure, that the Wi-Fi connection do not turn off, the main controller is programmed to establish automatic connection with the available network and connected to the auto power backup. “IOT Based Smart Security and Home Automation”, by Shardha Somani, Parikshit Solunke, Shaunak Oke, Parth Medhi, Prof. P. P. Laturkar. This paper focuses on a system that provides features of Home Automation relying on IOT to operate easily, in addition to that it includes a camera module and provides home security. The android application basically converts Smartphone into a remote for all home appliances. Security is achieved with motion sensors if movement is sensed at the entrance of the house; a notification is sent that contains a photo of house entrance in real time. This notification will be received by the owner of the house via internet such that app can trigger a notification. So owner can raise an alarm in case of any intrusion or he/she can toggle the appliances like opening the door if the person is a guest. The system uses Raspberry Pi, a small sized computer which acts as server for the system. The smart home consist two modules. Home automation that consists; fan light and door controller, and security module that consists; smoke sensor motion sensor and camera module. 7 “A Dynamic Distributed Energy Management Algorithm of Home Sensor Network for Home Automation System”, by Tui-Yi Yang, Chu-Sing Yang, Tien-Wen Sung. This paper proposes an optimization of home power consumption based on PLC (Power Line Communication) for an easy to access home energy consumption. This also proposes a Zigbee and PLC based renewable energy gateway to monitor the energy generation of renewable energies. ACS and DDEM algorithm are proposed for the design of an intelligent distribution of power management system to make sure ongoing power supply of home networks. To provide efficient power management the power supply models of home sensor network are classified groups viz. main supply only, main supply and backup battery, rechargeable battery power and nonrechargeable battery power. Devices with particular features are assigned to these groups. It targets to establish real time processing scheme to address variable sensor network topologies. 8 CHAPTER 3:BLOCK DIAGRAM & WORKING 3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS HARDWARE • • • • • • ESP32 cam Esp8266 4 channel relays Motion sensor Power supply Solenoid lock SOFTWARE • • • • • Arduino Ide Blynk app Sinric Pro Google assistant Alexa 9 HARDWARE ESP32-CAM The ESP32-CAM is a full-featured microcontroller that also has an integrated video camera and microSD card socket. It’s inexpensive and easy to use, and is perfect for IoT devices requiring a camera with advanced functions like image tracking and recognition. ESP32-CAM is a low cost ESP32- based development board with onboard camera, small in size. It is an ideal solution for iot application, prototypes construction and DIY projects. The board integrates WIFI, traditional Bluetooth and low power BLE, with 2 high-high performance 32-bit LX6 CPUs. SPECS OF ESP32-CAM ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi Bluetooth 4.2 with BLE UART, SPI, I2C and PWM interfaces Clock speed up to 160 MHz Computing power up to 600 DMIPS 520 KB SRAM plus 4 MB PSRAM Supports WIFI Image Upload Multiple Sleep modes Firmware Over the Air (FOTA) upgrades possible 9 GPIO ports Built-in Flash LED 10 NodeMCU • The ESP8266 NodeMCU is powered by the ESP8266EX chipset, which integrates a 32bit Tensilica microcontroller, providing ample processing power for IoT applications. It also includes built-in Wi-Fi connectivity, making it a perfect choice for projects that require internet connectivity. Smart devices have revolutionized the way we interact with our surroundings. From smart thermostats and security cameras to wearable fitness trackers, IoT devices have become an integral part of our daily lives. They offer convenience, efficiency, and the ability to gather and analyze data for informed decisionmaking. NodeMCU ESP8266 Specifications & Features : • • • • • • • • • • • • • Wireless Standard: 802.11 b/g/n Frequency range: 2.4 GHz - 2.5 GHz (2400M-2483.5M) Wi-Fi mode: Station / SoftAP / SoftAP+station Stack: Integrated TCP/IP Output power: 19.5dBm in 802.11b mode Data interface: UART / HSPI / I2C / I2S / Ir Remote Control GPIO / PWM Supports protection mode: WPA / WPA2 Encryption: WEP / TKIP / AES Power supply: from 4.5 VDC to 9 VDC (VIN) or via micro USB connector Consumption: with continuous Wi-Fi transmission about 70 mA (200 mA MAX) - in standby < 200µA Operating temperature: from -40°C to +125°C Dimensions (mm): 58×31.20×13 11 RELAY MODULE: The 4 channel Relay Module is a convenient board which can be used to control high voltage, high current load such as motor, solenoid valves, lamps and AC load. It is designed to interface with microcontroller such as Arduinos and ESPS etc. Four-Channel Relay Module Specifications • • • • • Supply voltage – 3.75V to 6V Trigger current – 5mA Current when the relay is active - ~70mA (single), ~300mA (all four) Relay maximum contact voltage – 250VAC, 30VDC Relay maximum current – 10A 12 • Solenoid lock: - The Solenoid lock denotes a latch for electrical locking and unlocking.It is available in unlocking in the keeping in the power-on mode type,which can be used selectively for situations. 13 1. ESP32-CAM 2. Electronic door lock 12v 3. TIP122 NPN Transistor 4. 7805 voltage Regulator (5v) 5. 10k Resistors (2no) 6. Capacitor 220uF 7. Push-button 8. 12V DC adaptor 9. FTDI232 USB to Serial interface board (for programming esp32cam) 14 3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 15 3.3 PROTOTYPE 1 16 3.4 WORKING 1. Image Capture and Facial Recognition: • The ESP32-CAM captures images of individuals in front of the door. • These images are processed using a facial recognition algorithm to identify known faces. 2. Door Lock Mechanism: • Upon recognizing a known face, the system sends a command to unlock the electronic door lock via MQTT. • If the face is not recognized or unknown, the door remains locked. 3. Appliance Control: • The NodeMCU receives MQTT commands from the ESP32. • Based on these commands, the NodeMCU activates relays to control various appliances such as lights or fans. 4. Integration and Communication: • MQTT facilitates communication between the ESP32 and NodeMCU, enabling seamless integration of facial recognition and appliance control functionalities. 5. Security Measures: • Encryption and authentication mechanisms are implemented to secure MQTT communication and prevent unauthorized access. • The facial recognition system is designed to be robust against spoofing attempts using images or videos. 6. Testing and Deployment: • The entire system is thoroughly tested to ensure proper functionality of facial recognition, door locking mechanism, and appliance control. • Once testing is complete, the system is deployed in the home environment, with attention to securely installing and connecting all components. 7. User Interface (Optional): • A user interface, such as a mobile app or web interface, may be developed for remote control and monitoring of the system, including viewing logs or receiving notifications. 17 CHAPTER 4: ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 4.1 Advantages of IOT 4.1.1 Communication IOT encourages the communication between devices, also famously known as Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. Because of this, the physical devices are able to stay connected and hence the total transparency is available with lesser inefficiencies and greater quality. 4.1.2 Automation and Control Due to physical objects getting connected and controlled digitally and centrally with wireless infrastructure, there is a large amount of automation and control in the workings. Without human intervention, the machines are able to communicate with each other leading to faster and timely output. 4.1.3 Information It is obvious that having more information helps making better decisions. Whether it is mundane decisions as needing to know what to buy at the grocery store or if your company has enough widgets and supplies, knowledge is power and more knowledge is better. 15 | P a g e 4.1.4 Monitor The second most obvious advantage of IOT is monitoring. Knowing the exact quantity of supplies or the air quality in your home, can further provide more information that could not have previously been collected easily. For instance, knowing that you are low on milk or printer ink could save you another trip to the store in the near future. Furthermore, monitoring the expiration of products can and will improve safety. 4.1.5 Time As hinted in the previous examples, the amount of time saved because of IOT could be quite large. And in today’s modern life, we all could use more time. 18 4.1.6 Money The biggest advantage of IOT is saving money. If the price of the tagging and monitoring equipment is less than the amount of money saved, then the Internet of Things will be very widely adopted. IOT fundamentally proves to be very helpful to people in their daily routines by making the appliances communicate to each other in an effective manner thereby saving and conserving energy and cost. Allowing the data to be communicated and shared between devices and then translating it into our required way, it makes our systems efficient. 4.1.7 Automation of daily tasks leads to better monitoring of devices The IOT allows you to automate and control the tasks that are done on a daily basis, avoiding human intervention. Machine-to-machine communication helps to maintain transparency in the processes. It also leads to uniformity in the tasks. It can also maintain the quality of service. We can also take necessary action in case of emergencies. 4.1.8 Efficient and Saves Time The machine-to-machine interaction provides better efficiency, hence; accurate results can be obtained fast. This results in saving valuable time. Instead of repeating the same tasks every day, it enables people to do other creative jobs. 4.1.9 Saves Money Optimum utilization of energy and resources can be achieved by adopting this technology and keeping the devices under surveillance. We can be alerted in case of possible bottlenecks, breakdowns, and damages to the system. Hence, we can save money by using this technology. 4.1.10 Better Quality of Life All the applications of this technology culminate in increased comfort, convenience, and better management, thereby improving the quality of life. 16 | P a g e 19 4.2 Disadvantages of IOT 4.2.1 Compatibility Currently, there is no international standard of compatibility for the tagging and monitoring equipment. I believe this disadvantage is the most easy to overcome. The manufacturing companies of these equipment just need to agree to a standard, such as Bluetooth, USB, etc. This is nothing new or innovative needed. 4.2.2 Complexity As with all complex systems, there are more opportunities of failure. With the Internet of Things, failures could sky rocket. For instance, let’s say that both you and your spouse each get a message saying that your milk has expired, and both of you stop at a store on your way home, and you both purchase milk. As a result, you and your spouse have purchased twice the amount that you both need. Or maybe a bug in the software ends up automatically ordering a new ink cartridge for your printer each and every hour for a few days, or at least after each power failure, when you only need a single replacement. 4.2.3 Privacy/Security With all of this IOT data being transmitted, the risk of losing privacy increases. For instance, how well encrypted will the data be kept and transmitted with? Do you want your neighbours or employers to know what medications that you are taking or your financial situation? 4.2.4 Safety Imagine if a notorious hacker changes your prescription. Or if a store automatically ships you an equivalent product that you are allergic to, or a flavour that you do not like, or a product that is already expired. As a result, safety is ultimately in the hands of the consumer to verify any and all automation. As all the household appliances, industrial machinery, public sector services like water supply and transport, and many other devices all are connected to the Internet, a lot of information is available on it. This information is prone to attack by hackers. It would be very disastrous if private and confidential information is accessed by unauthorized intruders. 20 4.2.5 Lesser Employment of Menial Staff The unskilled workers and helpers may end up losing their jobs in the effect of automation of daily activities. This can lead to unemployment issues in the society. This is a problem with the advent of any technology and can be overcome with education. With daily activities getting automated, naturally, there will be fewer requirements of human resources, primarily, workers and less educated staff. This may create Unemployment issue in the society. 4.2.6 Technology Takes Control of Life Our lives will be increasingly controlled by technology, and will be dependent on it. The younger generation is already addicted to technology for every little thing. We have to decide how much of our daily lives are we willing to mechanize and be controlled by technology. 21 CHAPTER 5:CONCLUSION For the project creation we have to find difficulties which occur in human life. According to domain (Smart Home) we found the problem that so many people have problem in doing multitasking in an efficient manner, Our main aim of the project is to provide the useful services to the needed person by providing the features like remote control, on demand service, smart appliances, security. We can conclude our report with the list of activities performed in our objects. The information collected by us lead to the following conclusion: we need a wireless or internet connection for the connectivity. The feature and function of our project lead us to accomplish our project successfully reducing the burdens of the people. 22 REFERENCES [1]. Anmol Uppal, Shweta Tyagi, Rishi Kumar, Seema Sharma, “Emotion Recognition and Drowsiness Detection Using Python”. 9thinternationalconference On Cloud computing, Data Science& Engineering (Confluence) 2019IEEE. [2]. Ritvik Iyer, Antara Sharma, “IoT Based Home Automation System with Pattern Recognition.” International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume8 Issue-2, July 2019. [3]. Dr. Riham Nady, “Dynamic Facades Environmental Control Systems for Sustainable [4]. “Smart Energy Efficient Home Automation System using IOT”, by Satyendra K. 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